If you already have the toolchain and working uClinux-dist git repo, then you can skip the "new install" below and go to the second half, "Distro upgrade".
New install
You must have a Linux desktop with software development packages. Login as root or use sudo to install these packages.
On Fedora, RHEL, CentOS:
(for RHEL or CentOS, please add epel repository, How to use EPEL)
sudo rpm -Uvh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-3.noarch.rpm
sudo yum install git-all make gcc ncurses-devel bison byacc flex \
gawk gettext ccache zlib-devel gtk2-devel lzo-devel
On Suse:
sudo zypper install git-core make gcc ncurses-devel bison byacc \
flex gawk gettext ccache zlib-devel lzo-devel
On Debian/Ubuntu:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install git-core make gcc ncurses-dev bison flex gawk \
gettext ccache zlib1g-dev libx11-dev texinfo liblzo2-dev
(If Ubuntu/Debian can't find the liblzo2-dev package search for equivalent. This is needed for the MTD tools package.)
Please check your git version with "git --version". If it is older than 1.5.3.x, please update to the latest.
Default GCC compiler version for Ubuntu 9.04 is 4.3.3. To have successful build of toolchain from nios2-linux-20080619.tar - install GCC 4.1 and make appropriate symlinks for gcc and g++.
On Ubuntu, check if the default shell is "bash"
ls -l /bin/sh
This should give "/bin/sh -> bash",
Otherwise, change it with,
sudo rm /bin/sh
sudo ln -s bash /bin/sh
followed by a logout and log back in again.
As root, check if you have "cc" which is a symlink to "gcc" ?
which gcc
gcc -v
which cc
cc -v
if not,
cd /usr/bin
ln -s gcc cc
Make sure you have 5GB or more free disk space. Please use wget to download the tar file nios2-linux-20080619.tar , 842MB. Best thanks to Altera's kindly hosting these files. Please verify the sha1sum after download.
(but don't use Windows ftp, it corrupt the files)
wget ftp://ftp.altera.com/outgoing/nios2-linux-20080619.tar
(SHA1SUM bb851b5494b4ae5c6ccdcfa5625b0f4d9340252a nios2-linux-20080619.tar)
We use "git" to keep the source. You make check out GitServer later. The git database inside the tar file was compressed, so we don't do compression on the tar file.
You can build in any working directory as a user account, eg. in your home (say /home/hippo). The tar file contains a nios2-linux dir.
tar xf <path_to>nios2-linux-20080619.tar # untar the package
cd nios2-linux
ls # see what's in
binutils gcc3 README uClibc use_http_for_update
checkout insight toolchain-build uClinux-dist
elf2flt linux-2.6 u-boot update
# check out the source
./checkout
Now the source files for the Nios2 uClinux and gnutools are ready.
We will proceed to build the toolchain. If you don't want or fail to build it yourself, you may use the prebuild BinaryToolchain.
此文章是本人验证并整理后发布，转贴的朋友请注明出处：http://blog.ednchina.com/chong_lang/
BinaryToolchain
Table of contents
No headers
Attached are binary of the tools to run on Linux PC and root fs from buildroot. You can use it to compile kernel and apps.
Login as a user account on Linux PC, eg, hippo. The user home dir will be /home/hippo, short form as ~/ .
Use wget to download the cross tools (69MB). Best thanks to Altera's kindly hosting these files. (but don't use Windows ftp, it corrupt the files)
wget ftp://ftp.altera.com/outgoing/nios2g...080203.tar.bz2
(sha1sum 6873249d8eae7c2981aac6791f044ddaab507566 nios2gcc-20080203.tar.bz2)
Open a terminal. Run as root or use sudo,
sudo tar jxf nios2gcc-20080203.tar.bz2 -C /
The cross gcc tools was expected to be installed in /opt/nios2 dir. But you may install in any other dirs. Then setup the PATH for the cross gcc, you can add a line at the end of file ~/.bash_profile (or ~/.profile on Debian/Ubuntu) ( the file is hidden, you have to use "ls -a" to find it . For "gedit" use open Location, and enter the file name)
PATH=$PATH:/opt/nios2/bin
After you change the .bash_profile or .profile, you need to logout and login again. So that it will be in the PATH when you login.
Check with,
echo $PATH
It should display like this, with nios2 path at the end,
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/opt/nios2/bin
To verify the cross gcc, try out,
nios2-linux-uclibc-gcc -v
It should display the info,
Reading specs from /opt/nios2/lib/gcc/nios2-linux-uclibc/3.4.6/specs
Configured with: /root/buildroot/toolchain_build_nios2/gcc-3.4.6/configure --prefix=/opt/nios2 --build=i386-pc-linux-gnu --host=i386-pc-linux-gnu --target=nios2-linux-uclibc --enable-languages=c --enable-shared --disable-__cxa_atexit --enable-target-optspace --with-gnu-ld --disable-nls --enable-threads --disable-multilib --enable-cxx-flags=-static
Thread model: posix
gcc version 3.4.6
Then try build kernel and apps as in the uClinuxDist.
Table of contents
1. 1. update git to the latest
This page is about building the kernel and apps using uClinux-dist sources.
If you have any problems, please post over on the Nios forum.
(This is different from the very old buildroot guide approach. DO NOT MIX UP)
Before you begin:
Follow instructions at InstallNios2Linux to download nios2-linux-20080616.tar and check out the source code.
Older version does NOT apply to the procedures described here.
In uClinux-dist dir, perform the menuconfig. DO NOT cd linux-2.6.x
cd uClinux-dist
make menuconfig
In the menuconfig, make sure it is selected as follows:
Vendor/Product Selection ---> # select
--- Select the Vendor you wish to target
Vendor (Altera) ---> # should have default to Altera
--- Select the Product you wish to target
Altera Products (nios2) ---> # should have defaulted to nios2
Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection ---> # select
--- Kernel is linux-2.6.x
Libc Version (None) ---> # should default to None - very important.
[*] Default all settings (lose changes) # select
[ ] Customize Kernel Settings
[ ] Customize Vendor/User Settings
[ ] Update Default Vendor Settings
Then <exit> <exit> <yes>
DO NOT change any other setting until first successful boot.
Run vendor_hwselect to setup the memory and io port address map of your Nios II board (see LinuxHwselect for details) . Select the nios2 cpu and sdram.
(still in uClinux-dist dir, DO NOT cd linux-2.6.x)
# You must give the absolute path to ptf, no spaces allowed in the path.
make vendor_hwselect SYSPTF="/path"_to_your_hardware_project/your_system.ptf
Compile kernel and apps,
make
(this will take a while)
If you have errors, you can get cleaner messages by building in searial instead of in parallel:
NON_SMP_BUILD=1 make
The compressed kernel is stored in the images folder, it is called zImage and is in ELF format. You can follow TryOutuClinux to run the new zImage.
In case you want a real clean restart, use "git clean",
git clean -f -x -d
Below is the the start up message of an Altera NEEK dev board.
# nios2-download -g images/zImage
Using cable "USB-Blaster [USB 2-1.2]", device 1, instance 0x00
Pausing target processor: OK
Initializing CPU cache (if present)
OK
Downloaded 1272KB in 7.7s (165.1KB/s)
Verified OK
Starting processor at address 0x00500000
# nios2-terminal
nios2-terminal: connected to hardware target using JTAG UART on cable
nios2-terminal: "USB-Blaster [USB 2-1.2]", device 1, instance 0
nios2-terminal: (Use the IDE stop button or Ctrl-C to terminate)
Uncompressing Linux... Ok, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.26-rc6 (hippo@darkstar) (gcc version 3.4.6) #2 PREEMPT Mon Jun 16 14:30:09 CST 2008
uClinux/Nios II
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping off. Total pages: 8128
Kernel command line:
PID hash table entries: 128 (order: 7, 512 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
Memory available: 30136k/2333k RAM, 0k/0k ROM (1552k kernel code, 781k data)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
net_namespace: 180 bytes
NET: Registered protocol family 16
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
TCP reno registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadline registered (default)
ttyJ0 at MMIO 0x8009340 (irq = 8) is a Altera JTAG UART
console [ttyJ0] enabled
ttyS0 at MMIO 0x8008e00 (irq = 7) is a Altera UART
dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.30
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 17
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
Freeing unused kernel memory: 572k freed (0x1b8000 - 0x246000)
Shell invoked to run file: /etc/rc
Command: hostname uClinux
Command: mount -t proc proc /proc
Command: mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys
Command: mount -t usbfs none /proc/bus/usb
mount: mounting none on /proc/bus/usb failed: No such file or directory
Command: mkdir /var/tmp
Command: mkdir /var/log
Command: mkdir /var/run
Command: mkdir /var/lock
Command: mkdir /var/empty
Command: ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1
Command: route add -net 127.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 lo
Command: cat /etc/motd
Welcome to
____ _ _
/ __| ||_|
_ _| | | | _ ____ _ _ _ _
| | | | | | || | _ \| | | |\ \/ /
| |_| | |__| || | | | | |_| |/
| ___\____|_||_|_| |_|\____|\_/\_/
| |
|_|
For further information check:
http://www.uclinux.org/
Execution Finished, Exiting
Sash command shell (version 1.1.1)
/>
Now, you can config uClinux-dist for costmize kernel and select your apps. I enabled only SMC91C111 and DM9000 Ethernet device drivers for Altera dev board in default config, you should enable your EtherNet driver in kernel config otherwise. see LinuxConfig for kernel config items.
Still in uClinux-dist dir, DO NOT cd linux-2.6.x
make menuconfig
Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->
(linux-2.6.x) Kernel Version
(None) Libc Version
[ ] Default all settings (lose changes)
[*] Customize Kernel Settings <== to change kernel config
[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings <== to change user apps config
[ ] Update Default Vendor Settings
Then <exit> <exit> <yes> .
It will enter kernel config first, then it will enter user apps config, you can select more apps.
After you change config,
make
You may want to now run your own program on the uClinux system.
An example Hello World program is here: CompileHello
There are more example programs linked under Then More Fun here: μClinux
Here is more usage about uClinux,
/> ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.85 # staic ip
/> route add default gw 192.168.1.254 # gateway
/> ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:07:ED:00:00:00
inet addr:192.168.1.85 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST NOTRAILERS RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2260 (2.2 KiB) TX bytes:2854 (2.7 KiB)
Interrupt:8
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
/> inetd & # start inetd to invoke telnetd and ftpd services
[22]
/> boa -d & # start httpd with cgi-demo
[23]
/> netstat -a # show network services
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 *:http *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:ftp *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:telnet *:* LISTEN
Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
/> free
MemTotal: 6520 kB
MemFree: 4340 kB
Buffers: 0 kB
/> ps
PID PORT STAT SIZE SHARED %CPU COMMAND
1 S 147K 0K 2.8 /init
2 S 0K 0K 0.0 ksoftirqd/0
3 S 0K 0K 0.0 events/0
4 S 0K 0K 0.0 khelper
5 S 0K 0K 0.0 kthread
6 S 0K 0K 0.0 kblockd/0
7 S 0K 0K 0.0 pdflush
8 S 0K 0K 0.0 pdflush
9 S 0K 0K 0.0 kswapd0
10 S 0K 0K 0.0 aio/0
17 R 147K 0K 0.3 -/bin/sh
19 S 147K 0K 0.2 dhcpcd
22 S 95K 0K 0.1 inetd
23 S 275K 0K 0.4 boa
/>
ftpd usage, user : ftp, password: <anything> , dir : /home/ftp
boa and cgi usage, dir : /home/httpd
You can check what is in busybox, by running "busybox" on uClinux.
You can check what is in sash, by "help" .
We use initramfs instead of the default romfs . The initramfs is generated from romfs dir and the dev file in vendors/Altera/nios2/romfs_list . See InitramfsUpdate .
The simplified "init" program will run etc/rc and etc/inittab during startup.
If you want to customize startup, eg inet servers and eth config, you should update the files vendors/Altera/nios2/ rc and inittab.
We arrange to minimize the memory usage. We use sash as default shell, it is smaller than busybox and take less memory. We include some standalone networking servers, such as inetd and telnetd. We build some networking utility into busybox, such as ifconfig,route,netstat,telnet,wget..etc. We don't use sh in busybox, and don't use servers in busybox as it takes a lot of memory.
You may use the simple history in sash. Use "h" to list history. Use "!<d>" , d="1"..20, to recall one of the history, eg "!3" for the 3rd cmd line.
Use control-H for backspace.
/> h
1: netstat -a
2: date
3: ntpdate pool.ntp.org
4: date
5: boa &
6: inetd &
7: ifconfig
8: dhcpcd &
9: free
10: ps
/> !10
PID PORT STAT SIZE SHARED %CPU COMMAND
1 S 147K 0K 1.7 /init
2 S 0K 0K 0.0 ksoftirqd/0
3 S 0K 0K 0.0 events/0
4 S 0K 0K 0.0 khelper
5 S 0K 0K 0.0 kthread
6 S 0K 0K 0.0 kblockd/0
7 S 0K 0K 0.0 pdflush
8 S 0K 0K 0.0 pdflush
9 S 0K 0K 0.0 kswapd0
10 S 0K 0K 0.0 aio/0
11 S 0K 0K 0.0 mtdblockd
18 R 147K 0K 0.1 /bin/sh
19 S 147K 0K 0.0 dhcpcd
22 S 95K 0K 0.0 inetd
23 S 275K 0K 0.0 boa
/>
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